本发明公开了一种锂/钾离子电池负极材料的制备方法，将块状无烟煤粉碎得到无烟煤粉末，将无烟煤粉末置于保护气氛中，通过热处理得到无烟煤热解碳负极材料。本发明所获得的锂离子电池无烟煤热解碳负极材料在1 A g‑1电流密度下500次循环后仍表现出62.0 mAh g‑1的可逆比容量，容量保持率达69.3%，而商用石墨负极表现出24.4 mAh g‑1的比容量，容量保持率仅为28.4%。所制备的无烟煤热解碳在钾离子半电池中也表现出较石墨更优异的电化学性能，且经过N或P等元素掺杂可以有效提升无烟煤热解碳材料的储钾容量和循环稳定性等。
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